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  • Research
  • Research

    Lysosomes control the degradation, processing and recycling of proteins, lipids, glycans and nucleic acids delivered to the organelles through the biosynthetic, endocytic, phagocytic or autophagic routes. These processes are catalyzed and mediated by ~70 hydrolytic enzymes, accessory proteins and more than 250 membrane proteins, transporters and ion channels. Lysosomes can also fuse with autophagosomes to recycle intracellular nutrients and eliminate protein aggregates, damaged mitochondria and lysosomes as well as bacteria.
    In recent years many proteins have been identified on the cytosolic surface of lysosomes that expand the functions of lysosomes mediating e.g. fusogenic and non-fusogenic contacts with other organelles, lysosomal positioning and motility, or metabolic sensing and gene regulation.
    Numerous inherited defects in lysosomal enzymes result in lysosomal dysfunction, accumulation of undigested substrates and alterations in the size, ultrastructure, and cellular positioning of lysosomes. We investigate
    · The role of mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) modifications on lysosomal enzymes for their sorting and function, and the M6P-independent transport routes to lysosomes, and
    · The transcriptional regulation of lysosomal biogenesis.
    To study these topics, we apply state-of-the-art cell biological methods, imaging techniques and biochemical approaches, including quantitative mass spectrometry, to analyze cellular, organoid and mouse models of human diseases. The advanced knowledge from this research will further our understanding i) of lysosomes in the maintenance of cell or organismal homeostasis, ii) pathomechanisms causing lysosome-related diseases such as mucolipidosis II and III and neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, and iii) for the development of novel therapeutic strategies.

    *figure modified from Ballabio & Bonifacino (Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020; 21:101-118)

  • 2024

    [118] Lysosomal enzyme trafficking: from molecular mechanisms to human diseases. Braulke T, Carette JE, Palm W (2024) Trends Cell Biol 34:198-210. Abstract

    2022

    [117] The human disease gene LYSET is essential for lysosomal enzyme transport and viral infection. Richards CM, Jabs S, Qiao W, Varanese LD, Schweizer M, Mosen PR, Riley NM, Klüssendorf M, Zengel JR, Flynn RA, Rustagi A, Widen JC, Peters CE, Ooi YS, Xie X, Shi PY, Bartenschlager R, Puschnik AS, Bogyo M, Bertozzi CR, Blish CA, Winter D, Nagamine CM, Braulke T, Carette JE (2022) Sciene eabn5648. doi: 10.1126/science.abn5648 Abstract

    [116] Early enzyme replacement therapy prevents dental and craniofacial abnormalities in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis type VI. Nagpal R, Georgi G, Knauth S, Schmid-Herrmann C, Muschol N, Braulke T, Kahl-Nieke B, Amling M, Schinke T, Koehne T, Petersen J (2022) Front Physiol 13:998039. Abstract

    [115] P-Type Lectins. Dahms N, Braulke T, Varki A. (2022) Book Chapter in Essentials of Glycobiology [Internet]. 4th edition. Cold Spring Harbor (NY): Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; Chapter 33. Abstract

    2021

    [114] Repurposing of tamoxifen ameliorates CLN3 and CLN7 disease phenotype. Fabuel I, Wanderlingh LG, Garcia-Macia M, Monfregola J, Esposito A, Napolitano G, Guevara-Ferrer M, Scotto Rosato A, Krogsaeter EK, Paquet D, Grimm CM, Montefusco S, Braulke T, Storch S, Mole SE, De Matteis MA, Ballabio A, Sampaio JL, McKay T, Johannes L, Bolaños JP, Medina DL (2021) EMBO Mol Med doi: 10.15252/emmm.202013742 Abstract

    [113] Pathogenic variants in GNPTAB and GNPTG encoding distinct subunits of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase differentially impact bone resorption in patients with mucolipidosis type II and III. Di Lorenzo G, Westermann LM, Yorgan TA, Stürznickel J, Ludwig NF, Ammer LS, Baranowsky A, Ahmadi S, Pourbarkhordariesfandabadi E, Breyer SR, Board TN, Foster A, Mercer J, Tylee K, Velho RV, Schweizer M, Renné T, Braulke T, Randon DN, Sperb-Ludwig F, de Camargo Pinto LL, Moreno CA, Cavalcanti DP, Amling M, Kutsche K, Winter D, Muschol NM, Schwartz IVD, Rolvien T, Danyukova T, Schinke T, Pohl S (2021) Genet Med doi: 10.1038/s41436-021-01285-9 Abstract

    2020

    [112] Distinct Modes of Balancing Glomerular Cell Proteostasis in Mucolipidosis Type II and III Prevent Proteinuria. Sachs W, Sachs M, Krüger E, Zielinski S, Kretz O, Huber TB, Baranowsky A, Westermann LM, Voltolini Velho R, Ludwig NF, Yorgan TA, Di Lorenzo G, Kollmann K, Braulke T, Schwartz IV, Schinke T, Danyukova T, Pohl S, Meyer-Schwesinger C (2020) J Am Soc Nephrol 31:1796-814 Abstract

    2019

    [111] Lysosomal proteome analysis reveals that CLN3-defective cells have multiple enzyme deficiencies associated with changes in intracellular trafficking. Schmidtke C, Tiede S, Thelen M, Käkelä R, Jabs S, Makrypidi G, Sylvester M, Schweizer M, Braren I, Brocke-Ahmadinejad N, Cotman SL, Schulz A, Gieselmann V, Braulke T (2019) J Biol Chem 294:9592-604 Abstract

    [110] Influenza binds phosphorylated glycans from human lung. Byrd-Leotis L, Jia N, Dutta S, Trost JF, Gao C, Cummings SF, Braulke T, Müller-Loennies S, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Steinhauer DA, Cummings RD (2019) Sci Adv 5:eaav2554 Abstract

    2018

    [109] The lysosomal protein arylsulfatase B is a key enzyme involved in skeletal turnover. Pohl S, Angermann A, Jeschke A, Hendrickx G, Yorgan TA, Makrypidi-Fraune G, Steigert A, Kühn SC, Rolvien T, Schweizer M, Köhne T, Neven M, Winter O, Velho RV, Albers J, Streichert T, Pestka JM, Baldauf C, Breyer S, Stuecker R, Muschol N, Cox TM, Saftig P, Paganini C, Rossi A, Amling M, Braulke T, Schinke T (2018) J Bone Miner Res 33:2186-201 Abstract

    [108] Disease-linked glutarylation impairs function and interactions of mitochondrial
    proteins and contributes to mitochondrial heterogeneity. Schmiesing J, Storch S, Dörfler AC, Schweizer M, Makrypidi-Fraune G, Thelen M, Sylvester M, Gieselmann V, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Koch-Nolte F, Tidow H, Mühlhausen C, Waheed A, Sly WS, Braulke T (2018) Cell Rep 24:2946-56 Abstract

    [107] Lysosomal proteome and secretome analysis identifies missorted enzymes and their non-degraded substrates in mucolipidosis III mouse cells. Di Lorenzo G, Voltolini Velho R, Winter D, Thelen M, Ahmadi S, Schweizer M, De Pace R, Cornils K, Yorgan TA, Grüb S, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Schinke T, Müller-Loennies S, Braulke T, Pohl S (2018) Mol Cell Proteomics 17:1612-26 Abstract

    2017

    [106] GNPTAB missense mutations cause loss of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase activity in mucolipidosis type II through distinct mechanisms. Ludwig NF, Velho RV, Sperb-Ludwig F, Acosta AX, Ribeiro EM, Kim CA, Gandelman Horovitz DD, Boy R, Rodovalho-Doriqui MJ, Lourenço CM, Santos ES, Braulke T, Pohl S, Schwartz IVD (2017) Int J Biochem Cell Biol 92:90-4 Abstract

    [105] Site-1 protease and lysosomal homeostasis. Velho RV, De Pace R, Klünder S, Di Lorenzo G, Schweizer M, Braulke T, Pohl S (2017) Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 1864:2162-8 Abstract

    [104] SILAC-Based Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Lysosomes from Mammalian Cells Using LC-MS/MS. Thelen M, Winter D, Braulke T, Gieselmann V (2017) Methods Mol Biol 1594:1-18 Abstract

    [103] Quantitative proteome analysis of mouse liver lysosomes provides evidence for mannose 6-phosphate-independent targeting mechanisms of acid hydrolases in mucolipidosis II. Markmann S, Krambeck S, Hughes CJ, Mirzaian M, Aerts JM, Saftig P, Schweizer M, Vissers JC, Braulke T, Damme M (2017) Mol Cell Proteomics 16:438-50 Abstract

    [102] Disease-causing mutations affecting surface residues of mitochondrial glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase impair stability, heteromeric complex formation and mitochondria architecture. Schmiesing J, Lohmöller B, Schweizer M, Tidow H, Gersting SW, Muntau AC, Braulke T, Mühlhausen C (2017) Hum Mol Genet 26:538-51 Abstract

    2016

    [101] Identification of the interaction domains between α- and γ-subunits of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase. Velho RV, De Pace R, Tidow H, Braulke T, Pohl S (2016) FEBS Lett 590:4287-95 Abstract

    [100] Mannose 6-phosphate-dependent targeting of lysosomal enzymes is required for normal craniofacial and dental development. Koehne T, Markmann S, Schweizer M, Muschol N, Friedrich RE, Hagel C, Glatzel M, Kahl-Nieke B, Amling M, Schinke T, Braulke T (2016) Biochim Biophys Acta 1862:1570-80 Abstract

    [99] Single-chain antibody-fragment M6P-1 possesses a mannose 6-phosphate monosaccharide-specific binding pocket that distinguishes N-glycan phosphorylation in a branch-specific manner. Blackler RJ, Evans DW, Smith DF, Cummings RD, Brooks CL, Braulke T, Liu X, Evans SV, Müller-Loennies S (2016) Glycobiology 26:181-92 Abstract

    2015

    [98] In Vivo Evidence for Lysosome Depletion and Impaired Autophagic Clearance in Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia Type SPG11. Varga RE, Khundadze M, Damme M, Nietzsche S, Hoffmann B, Stauber T, Koch N, Hennings JC, Franzka P, Huebner AK, Kessels MM, Biskup C, Jentsch TJ, Qualmann B, Braulke T, Kurth I, Beetz C, Hübner CA (2015) PLoS Genet 11:e1005454 Abstract

    [97] Mannose 6 phosphorylation of lysosomal enzymes controls B cell function. Otomo T, Schweizer M, Kollmann K, Schumacher V, Muschol N, Tolosa E, Mittrücker HW, Braulke T (2015) J Cell Biol 208:171-80 Abstract

    [96] Lrp1/LDL Receptor Play Critical Roles in Mannose 6-Phosphate-Independent Lysosomal Enzyme Targeting. Markmann S, Thelen M, Cornils K, Schweizer M, Brocke-Ahmadinejad N, Willnow T, Heeren J, Gieselmann V, Braulke T, Kollmann K (2015) Traffic 16:743-59 Abstract

    [95] Analyses of disease-related GNPTAB mutations define a novel GlcNAc1-phosphotransferase interaction domain and an alternative site-1 protease cleavage site. Velho RV, De Pace R, Klünder S, Sperb-Ludwig F, Lourenço CM, Schwartz IV, Braulke T, Pohl S (2015) Hum Mol Genet 24:3497-505 Abstract

    [94] Sustained Neural Stem Cell-Based Intraocular Delivery of CNTF Attenuates Photoreceptor Loss in the nclf Mouse Model of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Jankowiak W, Kruszewski K, Flachsbarth K, Skevas C, Richard G, Rüther K, Braulke T, Bartsch U (2015) PLoS One 10:e0127204 Abstract

    [93] Lysoplex: An efficient toolkit to detect DNA sequence variations in the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. Di Fruscio G, Schulz A, De Cegli R, Savarese M, Mutarelli M, Parenti G, Banfi S, Braulke T, Nigro V, Ballabio A (2015) Autophagy 11:928-38 Abstract

    [92] Site-1 protease-activated formation of lysosomal targeting motifs is independent of the lipogenic transcription control. Klünder S, Heeren J, Markmann S, Santer R, Braulke T, Pohl S (2015) J Lipid Res 56:1625-32 Abstract

    [91] Mannose 6-phosphate-independent Lysosomal Sorting of LIMP-2. Blanz J, Zunke F, Markmann S, Damme M, Braulke T, Saftig P, Schwake M (2015) Traffic 16:1127-36 Abstract

    [90] Subunit interactions of the disease-related hexameric GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase complex. De Pace R, Velho RV, Encarnação M, Marschner K, Braulke T, Pohl S (2015) Hum Mol Genet 24:6826-3 Abstract

    [89] Impaired bone remodeling and its correction by combination therapy in a mouse model of mucopolysaccharidosis-I. Kuehn SC, Koehne T, Cornils K, Markmann S, Riedel C, Pestka JM, Schweizer M, Baldauf C, Yorgan TA, Krause M, Keller J, Neven M, Breyer S, Stuecker R, Muschol N, Busse B, Braulke T, Fehse B, Amling M, Schinke T (2015) Hum Mol Genet 24:7075-86 Abstract

    [88] Biosynthesis, targeting, and processing of lysosomal proteins: pulse-chase labeling and immune precipitation. Pohl S, Hasilik A (2015) Methods Cell Biol 126:63-83 Abstract

    2014

    [87] Evaluation of butyrate-induced production of a mannose-6-phosphorylated therapeutic enzyme using parallel bioreactors. Madhavarao CN, Agarabi CD, Wong L, Müller-Loennies S, Braulke T, Khan M, Anderson H, Johnson GR (2014) Biotechnol Appl Biochem 61:184-92 Abstract

    [86] Molecular characterization of arylsulfatase G: expression, processing, glycosylation, transport, and activity. Kowalewski B, Lübke T, Kollmann K, Braulke T, Reinheckel T, Dierks T, Damme M (2014) J Biol Chem 289:27992-8005 Abstract

    [85] Lysine glutarylation is a protein posttranslational modification regulated by SIRT5. Tan M, Peng C, Anderson KA, Chhoy P, Xie Z, Dai L, Park J, Chen Y, Huang H, Zhang Y, Ro J, Wagner GR, Green MF, Madsen AS, Schmiesing J, Peterson BS, Xu G, Ilkayeva OR, Muehlbauer MJ, Braulke T, Mühlhausen C, Backos DS, Olsen CA, McGuire PJ, Pletcher SD, Lombard DB, Hirschey MD, Zhao Y (2014) Cell Metab 19:605-17 Abstract

    [84] Mucolipidosis II-Related Mutations Inhibit the Exit from the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Proteolytic Cleavage of GlcNAc-1-Phosphotransferase Precursor Protein (GNPTAB). De Pace R, Coutinho MF, Koch-Nolte F, Haag F, Prata MJ, Alves S, Braulke T, Pohl S (2014) Hum Mutat 35:368-76 Abstract

    [83] Interaction of Glutaric Aciduria Type 1-Related glutaryl-CoA Dehydrogenase with Mitochondrial Matrix Proteins. Schmiesing J, Schlüter H, Ullrich K, Braulke T, Mühlhausen C (2014) PLoS One 9:e87715 Abstract

    2013

    [82] A hereditary spastic paraplegia mouse model supports a role of ZFYVE26/SPASTIZIN for the endolysosomal system. Khundadze M, Kollmann K, Koch N, Biskup C, Nietzsche S, Zimmer G, Hennings JC, Huebner AK, Symmank J, Jahic A, Ilina EI, Karle K, Schöls L, Kessels M, Braulke T, Qualmann B, Kurth I, Beetz C, Hübner CA (2013) PLoS Genet 9:e1003988 Abstract

    [81] Decreased bone formation and increased osteoclastogenesis cause bone loss in mucolipidosis II. Kollmann K, Pestka JM, Kühn SC, Schöne E, Schweizer M, Karkmann K, Otomo T, Catala-Lehnen P, Failla AV, Marshall RP, Krause M, Santer R, Amling M, Braulke T, Schinke T (2013) EMBO Mol Med 5:1871-86 Abstract

    [80] Apoptotic Photoreceptor Loss and Altered Expression of Lysosomal Proteins in the nclf Mouse Model of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Bartsch U, Galliciotti G, Jofre GF, Jankowiak W, Hagel C, Braulke T (2013) Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 54:6952-9 Abstract

    [79] Ultrastructural analysis of neuronal and non-neuronal lysosomal storage in mucolipidosis type II knock-in mice. Schweizer M, Markmann S, Braulke T, Kollmann K (2013) Ultrastruct Pathol 37:366-72 Abstract

    [78] Acute renal proximal tubule alterations during induced metabolic crises in a mouse model of glutaric aciduria type 1. Thies B, Meyer-Schwesinger C, Lamp J, Schweizer M, Koeller DM, Ullrich K, Braulke T, Mühlhausen C (2013) Biochim Biophys Acta 1832:1463-72 Abstract

    [77] Cell biology and function of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis-related proteins. Kollmann K, Uusi-Rauva K, Scifo E, Tyynelä J, Jalanko A, Braulke T (2013) Biochim Biophys Acta 1832:1866-81 Abstract

    [76] Mass spectrometric analysis of neutral and anionic N-glycans from a Dictyostelium discoideum model for human congenital disorder of glycosylation CDG IL. Hykollari A, Balog CI, Rendic D, Braulke T, Wilson IB, Paschinger K (2013) J Proteome Res 12:1173-87 Abstract

    [75] Transport of the GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase α/β-subunit precursor protein to the Golgi apparatus requires a combinatorial sorting motif. Franke M, Braulke T, Storch S (2013) J Biol Chem 288:1238-49 Abstract

    2012

    [74] Lysosomal dysfunction causes neurodegeneration in mucolipidosis II ‘knock-in’ mice. Kollmann K, Damme M, Markmann S, Morelle W, Schweizer M, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Röchert AK, Pohl S, Lübke T, Michalski JC, Käkelä R. Walkley SU, Braulke T (2012) Brain 135:2661-75 Abstract

    [73] The 5-phosphatase OCRL mediates retrograde transport of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor by regulating a Rac1-cofilin signalling module. van Rahden VA, Brand K, Najm J, Heeren J, Pfeffer SR, Braulke T, Kutsche K (2012) Brain 135:2661-75 Abstract

    [72] Disruption of the Autophagy-Lysosome Pathway Is Involved in Neuropathology of the nclf Mouse Model of Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis. Thelen M, Damme M, Schweizer M, Hagel C, Wong AM, Cooper JD, Braulke T, Galliciotti G (2012) Plos One 7:e35493 Abstract

    [71] A novel mannose 6-phosphate specific antibody fragment for diagnosis of Mucolipidosis type II and III. (Book chapter) Pohl S, Braulke T, Müller-Loennies S (2012) In: Anticarbohydrate antibodies - From molecular basis to clinical application (Eds: P. Kosma, S. Müller-Loennies), Springer-Verlag, Wien, 307-327

    [70] Multiple Enzyme Deficiencies: Defects in transport: Mucolipidosis II alpha/beta; mucolipidosis III alpha/beta and mucolipidosis III gamma. (Book chapter) Raas-Rothschild A, Pohl S, Braulke T (2012) In: Lysosomal Storage Diseases: A Practical Guide (Eds. A. B. Mehta, B. Winchester), WILEY-BLACKWELL, Oxford Abstract

    [69] Mannose 6-dephosphorylation of lysosomal proteins mediated by acid phosphatases Acp2 and Acp5. Makrypidi G, Damme M, Müller-Loennies S, Trusch M, Schmidt B, Schlüter H, Heeren J, Lübke T, Saftig P, Braulke T (2012) Mol Cell Biol 32:774-82 Abstract

    [68] High expression of disease-related Cln6 in the cerebral cortex, purkinje cells, dentate gyrus, and hippocampal ca1 neurons. Thelen M, Fehr S, Schweizer M, Braulke T, Galliciotti G (2012) J Neurosci Res 90:568-74 Abstract

    2011

    [67] A key enzyme in the biogenesis of lysosomes is a protease that regulates cholesterol metabolism. Marschner K, Kollmann K, Schweizer M, Braulke T, Pohl S (2011) Science 333:87-90 Abstract

    [66] N-glycans and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchor act on polarized sorting of mouse PrP(C) in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Puig B, Altmeppen HC, Thurm D, Geissen M, Conrad C, Braulke T, Glatzel M (2011) PLoS One 6:e24624 Abstract

    [65] Analysis of Potential Biomarkers and Modifier Genes Affecting the Clinical Course of CLN3 Disease. Lebrun AH, Moll-Khosrawi P, Pohl S, Makrypidi G, Storch S, Kilian D, Streichert T, Otto B, Mole SE, Ullrich K, Cotman S, Kohlschütter A, Braulke T, Schulz A (2011) ) Mol Med 17:1253-61 Abstract

    [64] Glutaric aciduria type 1 metabolites impair the succinate transport from astrocytic to neuronal cells. Lamp J, Keyser B, Koeller DM, Ullrich K, Braulke T, Mühlhausen C (2011) J Biol Chem 286:17777-84 Abstract

    [63] Residual activity and proteasomal degradation of p.Ser298Pro sulfamidase identified in patients with a mild clinical phenotype of Sanfilippo A syndrome. Muschol N, Pohl S, Meyer A, Gal A, Ullrich K, Braulke T (2011) Am J Med Genet A 155:1634-9 Abstract

    [62] Post-translational modifications of the gamma-subunit affect intracellular trafficking and complex assembly of GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase. Encarnação M, Kollmann K, Trusch M, Braulke T, Pohl S (2011) J Biol Chem 286:5311-8 Abstract

    2010

    [61] A novel single-chain antibody fragment for detection of mannose 6-phosphate-containing proteins. Application in mucolipidosis type II patinets and mice. Müller-Loennies S, Galliciotti G, Kollmann K, Glatzel M, Braulke T (2010) Am J Pathol 177:240-7 Abstract

    [60] Proteolytic processing of the gamma-subunit is associated with the failure to form GlcNAc-1-phosphotransferase complexes and mannose 6-phosphate residues on lysosomal enzymes in human macrophages. Pohl S, Tiede S, Marschner K, Encarnação M, Castrichini M, Kollmann K, Muschol N, Ullrich K, Müller-Loennie S, Braulke T (2010) J Biol Chem 285:23936-44 Abstract

    [59] Mannose phosphorylation in health and disease. (Review) Kollmann K, Pohl S, Marschner K, Encarnação M, Sakwa I, TiedeS, Poorthuis BJ, Lübke T, Müller-Loennies S, Storch S, Braulke T (2010) Eur J Cell BIol 89:117-23 Abstract

    [58] Site specific analysis of N-linked oligosaccharides of recombinant lysosomal arylsulfatase A produced in different cell lines. Schröder S, Matthes F, Hyden P, Andersson C, Fogh J, Müller-Loennies S, Braulke T, Gieselmann V, Matzner U (2010) Glycobiology 20:248-59 Abstract

    [57] Loss of N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase gamma-subunit due to intronic mutation in GNPTG causes mucolipidosis type III gamma: Implications for molecular and cellular diagnostics. Pohl S, Encarnacão M, Castrichini M, Müller-Loennies S, Muschol N, Braulke T (2010) Am J Med Genet A 152:124-32 Abstract

    [56] Pathogenic mutations cause rapid degradation of lysosomal storage disease-related membrane protein CLN6. Kurze AK, Galliciotti G, Heine C, Mole SE, Quitsch A, Braulke T (2010) Hum Mutat 31:E1163-74 Abstract

    [55] Glycostructures in biological systems - synthesis and function. (Review) Thiem J, Braulke T (2010) Eur J Cell Biol 89:1 Abstract

    [54] Protein kinase a dependent phosphorylation of apical membrane antigen 1 plays an important role in erythrocyte invasion by the malaria parasite. Leykauf K, Treeck M, Gilson PR, Nebl T, Braulke T, Cowman AF, Gilberger TW, Crabb BS (2010) PLoS Pathog 6:e1000941 Abstract

    2009

    [53] Compensatory expression of human N-acetylglucosaminyl-1 phosphotransferase subunits in mucolipidosis type III gamma. Pohl S, Tiede S, Castrichini M, Cantz M, Gieselmann V, Braulke T (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta 1792:221-5 Abstract

    [52] Glycosylation- and phosphorylation-dependent intracellular transport of lysosomal hydrolases. (Review) Pohl S, Marschner K, Storch S, Braulke T (2009) Biol Chem 390:521-7 Abstract

    [51] Retention of lysosomal protein CLN5 in the endoplasmic reticulum causes neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in Asian sibship. Lebrun AH, Storch S, Rüschendorf F, Schmiedt ML, Kyttälä A, Mole SE, Kitzmüller C, Saar K, Mewasingh LD, Boda V, Kohlschütter A, Ullrich K, Braulke T, Schulz A (2009) Hum Mutat 30:E651-61 Abstract

    [50] Lysosomes. (Review) Gieselmann V, Braulke T (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta 1793:603-4 Abstract

    [49] Mannose 6-phosphate receptor-dependent endocytosis of lysosomal enzymes is increased in sulfatide-storing kidney cells. Klein D, Yaghootfam A, Matzner U, Koch B, Braulke T, Gieselmann V (2009) Biol Chem 390:41-8 Abstract

    [48] Sorting of lysosomal proteins. (Review) Braulke T, Bonifacino JS (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta 1793:605-14 Abstract

    [47] Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses. (Review) Jalanko A, Braulke T (2009) Biochim Biophys Acta 1793:697-709 Abstract

    [46] Identification and molecular characterization of six novel mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase gamma subunit (GNPTG) gene in patients with mucolipidosis III gamma. Persichetti E, Chuzhanova NA, Dardis A, Tappino B, Pohl S, Thomas NS, Rosano C, Balducci C, Paciotti S, Dominissini S, Montalvo AL, Sibilio M, Parini R, Rigoldi M, Di Rocco M, Parenti G, Orlacchio A, Bembi B, Cooper DN, Filocamo M, Beccari T (2009) Hum Mutat 30:978-84 Abstract

    2008

    [45] Molecular order in mucolipidosis II and III nomenclature. Cathey SS, Kudo M, Tiede S, Raas-Rothschild A, Braulke T, Beck M, Taylor HA, Canfield WM, Leroy JG, Neufeld EF, McKusick VA (2008) Am J Med Genet A 146:512-3 Abstract

    [44] Transport and distribution of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid before and during induced encephalopathic crises in a mouse model of glutaric aciduria type 1. Keyser B, Glatzel M, Stellmer F, Kortmann B, Lukacs Z, Kölker S, Sauer SW, Muschol N, Herdering W, Thiem J, Goodman SI, Koeller DM, Ullrich K, Braulke T, Mühlhausen C (2008) Biochem Biophys Acta 1782:385-90 Abstract

    [43] Organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT4 mediate the high affinity transport of glutarate derivatives accumulating in patients with glutaric acidurias. Hagos Y, Krick W, Braulke T, Mühlhausen C, Burckhardt G, Burckhardt BC (2008) Pflugers Arch 457:223-31 Abstract

    [42] Membrane translocation of glutaric acid and its derivatives. Mühlhausen C, Burckhardt BC, Hagos Y, Burckhardt G, Keyser B, Lukacs Z, Ullrich K, Braulke T (2008) J Inherit Metab Dis 31:188-193 Abstract

    [41] The mutation p.Ser298Pro in the sulphamidase gene (SGSH) is associated with a slowly progressive clinical phenotype in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (Sanfilippo A syndrome). Meyer A, Kossow K, Gal A, Steglich C, Mühlhausen C, Ullrich K, Braulke T, Muschol N Meyer A, Kossow K, Gal A, Steglich C, Mühlhausen C, Ullrich K, Braulke T, Muschol (2008) Hum Mut 29:770 Abstract

    [40] Molecular analysis of the GlcNac-1-phosphotransferase. (Review) Braulke T, Pohl S, Storch S (2008) J Inherit Metab Dis 31:253-7 Abstract

    [39] Accumulation of bis(monoacylglycero)phosphate and gangliosides in mouse models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Jabs S, Quitsch A, Käkelä R, Koch B, Tyynelä J, Brade H, Glatzel M, Walkley S, Saftig P, Vanier MT, Braulke T (2008) J Neurochem 106:1414-25 Abstract

    [38] Disease-causing missense mutations affect enzymatic activity, stability and oligomerization of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH). Keyser B, Mühlhausen C, Dickmanns A, Christensen E, Muschol N, Ullrich K, Braulke T (2008) Hum Mol Genet 17:3854-63 Abstract

    [37] Multiple post-translational modifications of mouse insulin-like growth factor binding protein-6 expressed in epithelial Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Shalamanova L, Kübler B, Storch S, Scharf JG, Braulke T (2008) Mol Cell Endocrinol 295:18-23 Abstract

    2007

    [36] Topology and endoplasmic reticulum retention signals of the lysosomal storage disease-related membrane protein CLN6. Heine C, Quitsch A, Storch S, Martin Y, Lonka L, Lehesjoki AE, Mole S, Braulke T (2007) Mol Membr Biol 24:74-87 Abstract

    [35] C-terminal prenylation of the CLN3 membrane glycoprotein is required for efficient endosomal sorting to lysosomes. Storch S, Pohl S, Quitsch A, Falley K, Braulke T (2007) Traffic 8:431-44 Abstract

    [34] 3-Hydroxyglutaric acid is transported via the sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter NaDC-3. Stellmer F, Keyser B, Burckhardt BC, Koepsell H, Streichert S, Glatzel M, Jabs S, Thiem J, Herdering W, Koeller DM, Goodman SI, Lukacs Z, Ullrich K, Burckhardt G, Braulke T, Mühlhausen C (2007) J Mol Med 85:763-70 Abstract

    [33] Alteration of the insulin-like growth factor axis during in vitro differentiation of the human osteosarcoma cell line HOS 58. Viereck V, Siggelkow H, Pannem R, Braulke T, Scharf JG, Kübler B (2007) J Cell Biochem 102:28-40 Abstract

    [32] Scoring evaluation of the natural course of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (Sanfilippo Syndorme type A). Meyer A, Kossow K, Gal A, Mühlhausen C, Ullrich K, Braulke T, Muschol N (2007) Pediatrics 120:1255-61 Abstract

    [31] Increased expression of lysosomal acid phosphatase (LAP/Acp2) in CLN3-defective cells and mouse brain tissue. Pohl S, Mitchison HM, Kohlschütter A, van Diggelen, O, Braulke T, Storch S (2007) J Neurochem 103:2177-88 Abstract

    2006

    [30] Endothelial effects of 3-hydroxyglutaric acid: implications for glutaric aciduria type I. Mühlhausen C, Ott N, Chalajour F, Tilki D, Freudenberg F, Ullrich K, Braulke T, Ergün S (2006) Pediatr Res 59:196-202 Abstract

    [29] In vitro sulfation of N-acetyllactosaminide by soluble recombinant human beta-Gal-3'- sulfotransferase. Greimel P, Jabs S, Storch S, Cherif S, Honke K, Braulke T, Thiem J (2006) Carbohydr Res 341:918-24 Abstract

    [28] Missense Mutation in the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase gene (GNPTA) in a patient with mucolipidosis II induces changes in the size and cellular distribution of GNPTG. Tiede S, Cantz M, Spranger J, Braulke T (2006) Hum Mutat 27:830-6 Abstract

    [27] Functional Biology of the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (NCL) proteins. (Review) Kyttälä A, Lahtinen U, Braulke T, Hofmann SL (2006) Biochim Biophys Acta 1762:920-33 Abstract

    2005

    [26] Transport of lysosomal enzymes. (Book chapter) Storch S, Braulke T (2005) In: Lysosomes (P. Saftig, ed) Georgetown: Landes Bioscience: Springer Science+Business Media, New York, pp 17-26

    [25] Interaction of IGF-II with multiple plasma proteins. High-affinity binding of plasminogen to IGF-ll and IGF-binding protein-3. Oesterreicher S, Blum WF, Schmidt B, Braulke T, Kübler B (2005) J Biol Chem 280:9994-10000 Abstract

    [24] Diversity of human insulin-like growth factor (IGF) binding protein-2 fragments in plasma: primary structure, IGF-binding properties, and disulfide bonding pattern. Mark S, Kübler B, Höning S, Oesterreicher S, John H, Braulke T, Forssmann WG, Ständker L (2005) Biochemistry 44:3644-52 Abstract

    [23] Missense mutations in the N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase a/b subunit gene in a patient with mucolipidosis III and a mild clinical phenotype. Tiede S, Muschol N, Reutter G, Cantz M, Ullrich K, Braulke T (2005) Am J Med Gen A 137:235-40 Abstract

    [22] Mucolipidosis II is caused by mutations in GNPTA encoding the alpha/beta GlcNac-1-phosphotransferase. Tiede S, Storch S, Lübke T, Henrissat B, Raas-Rothschild A, Braulke T (2005) Nature Med 11:1109-12 Abstract

    2004

    [21] Transport, enzymatic activity and stability of mutant sulfamidase (SGSH) identified in patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA. Muschol N, Storch S, Ballhausen D, Beesley C, Westermann JC, Gal A, Ullrich K, Hopwood JJ, Winchester B, Braulke T (2004) Hum Mutat 23:559-66 Abstract

    [20] Mutation of the glycosylated asparagine residue 286 in human CLN2 protein results in loss of enzymatic activity. Tsiakas K, Steinfeld R, Storch S, Ezaki J, Lucaz Z, Kohlschütter A, Kominami E, Ullrich K, Braulke T (2004) Glycobiology 14:1C-5C Abstract

    [19] IGF-binding protein-3 fragments in plasma of a child with acute renal failure. Schebeck-Fürstenberg V, Ständker L, Oppermann M, Müller-Wiefel DE, Blum WF, Braulke T, Kübler B (2004) Ped Nephrol 19:1418-25 Abstract

    [18] Vascular dysfunction as an additional pathomechanism in glutaric aciduria type I. Mühlhausen C, Ergün S, Strauss K, Koeller D, Crnic L, Woontner M, Goodman SI, Ullrich K, Braulke T (2004) J Inherit Metab Dis 27:829-34 Abstract

    [17] Defective ER-resident membrane protein CLN6 affects lysosomal degradation of endocytosed arylsulfatase A. Heine C, Koch B, Storch S, Kohlschütter A, Palmer DN, Braulke T (2004) J Biol Chem 279:22347-52 Abstract

    [16] Mono-allelic expression of the IGF I receptor does not affect IGF responses in human fibroblasts. Hammer E, Kutsche K, Haag F, Ullrich K, Willig RP, Braulke T, Kübler B (2004) Europ J Endocrinol 151:521-9 Abstract

    [15] Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 is highly induced during acute carbon tetrachloride liver injury and potentiates the IGF-I-stimulated activation of rat hepatic stellate cells. Scharf JG, Dombrowski F, Novosyadlyy R, Eisenbach C, Demori I, Kübler B. Braulke T (2004) Endocrinology 145:3463-72 Abstract

    [14] A dileucine motif and a cluster of acidic amino acids in the second cytoplasmic domain of the Batten disease-related CLN3 Protein are required for efficient lysosomal targeting. Storch S, Pohl S, Braulke T (2004) J Biol Chem 279:53625-34 Abstract

    [13] A novel mutation in UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase gamma subunit (GNPTAG) in two siblings with mucolipidosis type III alters a used glycosylation site. Tiede S, Cantz M, Raas-Rothschild A, Muschol N, Bürger F, Ullrich K, Braulke T (2004) Hum Mutat 24:535 Abstract

    2003

    [12] A new type of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG-Ii) provides new insights into the early steps of dolichol-linked oligosaccharides biosynthesis. Thiel C, Schwarz M, Peng J, Grzmil M, Hasilik M, Braulke T, Kohlschütter A, von Figura K, Lehle L, Körner C (2003) J Biol Chem 278:22498-505 Abstract

    [11] A replacement of the active-site aspartic acid residue 293 in mouse cathepsin D affects its intracellular stability, processing and transport in HEK-293 cells. Partanen S, Storch S, Löffler HG, Hasilik A, Tyynelä J, Braulke T (2003) Biochem J 369:55-62 Abstract

    [10] Mutational analysis in longest known survivor of mucopolysaccharidosis type VII. Storch S, Wittenstein B, Islam R, Ullrich K, Sly WS, Braulke T (2003) Hum Genet 112:190-4 Abstract

    [09] The role of the IGF axis in hepatocarcinogenesis.Scharf JG, Braulke T (2003) Horm Metab Res 35:685-93 Abstract

    [08] In vivo processed fragments of IGF binding protein-2 copurified with bioactive IGF-II. Ständker L, Kübler B, Obendorf M, Braulke T, Forssmann WG, Mark S (2003) Biochie Biophys Res Commun 304:708-13 Abstract

    [07] Enhanced expression of manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase in human and sheep CLN6 tissues. Heine C, Tyynelä J, Cooper JD, Palmer DN, Elleder M, Kohlschütter A, Braulke T (2003) Biochem J 376:369-76 Abstract

    2002

    [06] Secretion of phosphomannosyl-deficient arylsulphatase A and cathepsin D from isolated human macrophages. Muschol N, Matzner U, Tiede S, Gieselmann V, Ullrich K, Braulke T (2002) Biochem J 368:845-53 Abstract

    [05] Isolation and characterization of circulating fragments of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Kübler B, Draeger C, John H, Andag U, Scharf JG, Forssmann WG, Braulke T, Ständker L (2002) FEBS Lett 518:124-8 Abstract

    [04] Decreased intracellular degradation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 in cathepsin L-deficient fibroblasts. Zwad O, Kübler B, Roth W, Scharf JG, Saftig P, Peters C, Braulke T (2002) FEBS Lett 510:211-5 Abstract

    2001

    [03] Multiple C-terminal motifs of the 46-kDa mannose 6-phosphate receptor tail contribute to efficient binding of medium chains of AP-2 and AP-3. Storch S, Braulke T (2001) J Biol Chem 276:4298-303 Abstract

    [02] MDCK cells secrete neutral proteases cleaving insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 to -6. Shalamanova L, Kübler B, Scharf JG, Wewer U, Braulke T (2001) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 281:E1221-9 Abstract

    [01] Transferrin binds insulin-like growth factors and affects binding properties of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3. Storch S, Kübler B, Höning S, Ackmann M, Zapf J, Blum W, Braulke T (2001) FEBS Lett 509:395-8 Abstract

  • Current Funding

    07/2024 - 06/2025
    Thomas Braulke
    Yash Gandhi Foundation for Finding a Cure for I-Cell
    Research grant
    https://www.ygf4icell.org/

    11/2022 - 10/2025
    Thomas Braulke (PI)
    German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Research Training Group 2771:
    "Humans and Microbes"
    www.grk2771.de

    Logo FOR 2625

    10/2017 - 12/2024
    Thomas Braulke (Speaker/Coordinator + PI)
    German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Research Unit 2625:
    "Mechanisms of Lysosomal Homeostasis"
    www.for2625-lysosomes.de

    Former Funding

    Logo SFB877

    07/2010 - 12/2022
    Sandra Pohl & Thomas Braulke
    German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Collaborative Research Centre 877:
    "Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology"
    www.uni-kiel.de/Biochemie/sfb877/

    Logo NCL2TREAT

    02/2016 - 06/2019
    Thomas Braulke (Speaker/Coordinator + PI)
    Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
    NCL2TREAT: A network for coordinated research and development of clinical biomarkers, diagnostics, pathomechanisms and therapeutic strategies for neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses
    www.ncl2treat.de

    Logo BATCure

    01/2016 - 06/2019
    Angela Schulz, Stephan Storch & Thomas Braulke
    EU Horizon 2020
    BATCure: European network for coordinated research on neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
    http://www.batcure.eu/partners/uke

    Logo GRK1459

    05/2008 - 04/2017
    Thomas Braulke (Speaker+ Coordinator),
    Sandra Pohl & Stephan Storch
    German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Research Training Group 1459:
    "Sorting and Interactions between Proteins of
    Subcellular Compartments"
    www.grk1459.info

    09/2014 -08/2016
    Thomas Braulke
    Fritz Thyssen Foundation
    "Molecular mechanisms of increased osteoclastogenesis and immundeficieny in the inherited lysosomal storage disorder mucolipidosis II"
    Homepage Fritz Thyssen Foundation: project description (German)

    Logo DEM-Child

    10/2011 - 10/2014
    Thomas Braulke
    Seventh Framework Programme of European Community (EU-FP7), grant agreement n° 281234
    „DEM-CHILD - A Treatment-Oriented Research Project of NCL Disorders as a Major Cause of Dementia in Childhood”
    http://www.dem-child.eu/index.php/background-16.html

    Logo FOR885


    04/2007 - 09/2013
    Thomas Braulke
    German Research Foundation (DFG)
    Research Unit 885:
    "Neuronal Protein Turnover"
    http://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/35615435

    Logg MPS

    07/2010 - 06/2012
    Katrin Kollmann
    “Skeletal abnormalities in mucolipidosis II alpha/beta
    Pathomechanisms and therapeutic strategies”
    http://www.mpssociety.org/

    Logo Nächstenliebe eV


    Angela Schulz, Stephan Storch and Thomas Braulke
    initial financial support for various PhD students
    working on NCL diseases
    www.ncl-naechstenliebe.de/english/ncl/

  • 2024

    3/1/2024 the review on LYSET and its role in lysosomal enzyme trafficking is published in Trends in Cell Biology Abstract

    2023

    Save the date: FOR2625 Symposium 2024

    Lupe zum Vergrößern des Bildes

    June 6 - 7, 2024

    Max Delbrück Communications Center, Berlin-Buch

    The members of the Research Unit FOR2625 "Mechanisms of Lysosomal Homeostasis" invite scientists from all over the world to join our 2nd International FOR2625 Symposium on LYSOSOMES & AUTOPHAGY.

    Registration will open in January 2024 und is limited to 160 participants.

    For further information please visit www.lysosomes2024.de

    link to FOR2625 symposium's website

    link to website of Research Unit FOR2625

    2022

    9/08/2022 our common paper with the groups of Sabrina Jabs (University Kiel), Dominic Winter (University Bonn) and Jan Carette (Stanford University) reporting the discovery of LYSET controlling the modification of lysosomal enzymes with mannose 6-phosphate residues is officially accepted in Science! Abstract

    2021

    Save the date: FOR2625 Symposium 2022

    NEW DATE: May 5 - 6, 2022

    Max Delbrück Communications Center, Berlin-Buch

    Due to the coronavirus outbreak the FOR2625 symposium is postponed from April 2021 to May 2022!

    The members of the Research Unit FOR2625 "Mechanisms of Lysosomal Homeostasis" invite scientists from all over the world to join our International FOR2625 Symposium on LYSOSOMES & AUTOPHAGY.

    Outstanding scientists have confirmed their participation in our two-day program and will present their newest findings on the molecular machinery of the endo-lysosomal system and autophagy. The symposium offers a great opportunity for young and more advanced researchers to meet internationally renowned experts and discuss their projects during scientific sessions as well as during social events.

    Registration will open in November 2021 und is limited to 160 participants.

    For further information please visit www.lysosomes2021.de

    link to FOR2625 symposium's website

    link to website of Research Unit FOR2625

    2020

    2nd funding period of Research Unit FOR2625 approved

    End of September the German Research Foundation approved the 2nd funding period of the Research Unit FOR 2625 "Mechanisms of Lysosomal Homeostasis" with a funding volume of 3.98 million euro.

    The Research Unit was established in October 2017 and consists of eleven German and one Dutch research groups. It aims at elucidating the biogenesis, functions and turnover of lysosomes as a whole, and protein-protein and lipid-protein interactions at the cytosolic surface of lysosomes. Analysing the molecular mechanisms that maintain lysosomal homeostasis will contribute to understand the cause of lysosomal disorders, thereby enabling the development of long-term preclinical therapeutic strategies.

    Participating Researchers of the second funding period: Thomas Braulke (Hamburg), Anja Bremm (Frankfurt/Main), Markus Damme (Kiel), Ivan Dikic (Frankfurt/Main), Volker Haucke (Berlin), Christian Hübner (Jena), Thomas Jentsch (Berlin), Judith Klumperman (Utrecht, NL), Tassula Proikas-Cezanne (Tübingen), Paul Saftig (Kiel), Tobias Stauber (Hamburg), Dominic Winter (Bonn)

    www.for2625-lysosomes.de